linux安装mysql服务分两种安装方法:
- 源码安装,优点是安装包比较小,只有十多M,缺点是安装依赖的库多,安装编译时间长,安装步骤复杂容易出错;
- 使用官方编译好的二进制文件安装,优点是安装速度快,安装步骤简单,缺点是安装包很大,300M左右。以下介绍linux使用官方编译好的二进制包安装mysql。
MySQL mirrors地址:http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mirrors.html
一、准备工作:
下载官方编译好的二进制包并解压:
wget ftp://ftp.jaist.ac.jp/pub/mysql/Downloads/MySQL-5.6/mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
tar -zxvf mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
复制解压后的mysql目录到系统的本地软件目录:
cp mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql -r
注意:此处建议用如下方法,使用软链过去,不要直接包文件复制,便于系统安装多个版本的mysql:
cp mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 /usr/local/
ln -s mysql-5.6.30-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql
二、用户和组:
添加系统mysql组和mysql用户:
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
进入安装mysql软件目录:
cd /usr/local/mysql
修改当前目录所属的组mysql和用户mysql:
chgrp -R mysql .
chown -R mysql:mysql .
三、开始安装:
安装数据库:
scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
将mysql/目录下除了data/目录的所有文件,改回root用户所有,mysql用户只需作为mysql/data/目录下所有文件的所有者:
chown -R root .
chown -R mysql data
四、开机启动:
复制mysql配置文件:
cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
首先需要将scripts/mysql.server服务脚本复制到/etc/init.d/,并重命名为mysqld:
cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
通过chkconfig命令将mysql服务加入到自启动服务项中,注意服务名称mysql就是我们将mysql.server复制到/etc/init.d/时重命名的名称:
chkconfig --add mysqld
查看是否添加成功:
chkconfig --list mysqld
重启系统,mysqld就会自动启动了。检查是否启动:
netstat -anp|grep mysqld
显示如下:
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 27628/mysqld
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 204207 27628/mysqld /tmp/mysql.sock
如果不想重新启动系统,那就手动启动MySQL服务:
service mysqld start
五、其他配置:
将/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql加入环境变量中,在/etc/profile最后加入两行命令:
MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin
修改mysql的root用户密码,root初始密码为空的:
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password '密码'
附录A:
MySQL 5.6官方提供的安装步骤:
# Preconfiguration setup
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
# Beginning of source-build specific instructions
shell> tar zxvf mysql-VERSION.tar.gz
shell> cd mysql-VERSION
shell> cmake .
shell> make
shell> make install
# End of source-build specific instructions
# Postinstallation setup
shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
附录B:
MySQL 5.7后安装步骤稍有不同,不过都差不太多,以下是官方提供的安装步骤:
# Preconfiguration setup
shell> groupadd mysql
shell> useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
# Beginning of source-build specific instructions
shell> tar zxvf mysql-VERSION.tar.gz
shell> cd mysql-VERSION
shell> cmake .
shell> make
shell> make install
# End of source-build specific instructions
# Postinstallation setup
shell> cd /usr/local/mysql
shell> chown -R mysql .
shell> chgrp -R mysql .
shell> bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql # Before MySQL 5.7.6
shell> bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql # MySQL 5.7.6 and up
shell> bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup # MySQL 5.7.6 and up
shell> chown -R root .
shell> chown -R mysql data
shell> bin/mysqld_safe --user=mysql &
# Next command is optional
shell> cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql.server
六、参考链接:
http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/a378c9609eb652b3282830fd.html
http://blog.csdn.net/wendi_0506/article/details/39478369
http://blog.csdn.net/superchanon/article/details/8546254
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/installing-source-distribution.html